Government Funding Stem Cell Research Essay

Foundational microorganism research is a moderately new science that is the wellspring of much clinical guarantee yet much debate also. The kind of immature microorganisms required, undeveloped undifferentiated cells, are just realistic one way: through the decimation of human incipient organisms. In 1996, the Dickey-Wicker Amendment was passed, making the administration incapable to subsidize any examination where human incipient organisms are made or obliterated. From the start the correction was a minor impediment the administration needed to work around to at present get the undifferentiated organism researchers the cash they required. It wasn’t until August 23, 2010 that Judge Lamberth’s administering stopped all administration financing for immature microorganism research. Today, immature microorganism research doesn't get government assets as the examination, however conceivably life-sparing, crosses good and strict obstructions that hinder its development as a science and as a portal towards future clinical discoveries. In light of the contradicting contentions, I feel the legislature should finance immature microorganism research as doing so will help accelerate the exploration procedure and get us closer to sparing lives and consummation human anguish. There are two sorts of undifferentiated cells, grown-up immature microorganisms (found in grown-ups) and undeveloped foundational microorganisms (found in incipient organisms). Albeit both have probably some capacity to duplicate and form into develop particular cells, for example, skin cells, heart cells, or nerve cells, the grown-up undifferentiated cells are substantially less various than early stage and for the most part considerably more restricted in the sorts of cells they can frame. Early stage foundational microorganisms are pluripotent, implying that they can frame any sort of tissue and any kind of cell. Undeveloped undifferentiated cells are at present not utilized for clinical medicines yet are the wellspring of much clinical guarantee soon. Reachable just through the obliteration of human undeveloped organisms, early stage immature microorganisms can be seen as lifelines or the results of life devastation. A sort of grown-up undifferentiated cell, the hematopoietic immature microorganism, is as of now generally used to treat leukemia; truth be told, they are the main sort of foundational microorganisms as of now used to treat ailments. In spite of the fact that past and ebb and flow utilizations of undifferentiated cell treatment with people may appear to be a piece disappointing, researchers around the world concur that undeveloped cell research merits the consideration and will carry a lot of alleviation to survivors of numerous maladies. The fundamental purpose behind government not to finance foundational microorganism research is that it reserves or if nothing else energizes the demolition of human undeveloped organisms. Judge Lamberth cut off the government’s proviso used to support undeveloped cell research, speaking to the various United States residents who don't need their assessment dollars going towards the decimation of human incipient organisms. Judge Lamberth infers that â€Å"the reality that early stage foundational microorganism research ‘involves different advances doesn't imply that each progression is a different ‘piece of research’ that might be governmentally financed, gave the progression doesn't bring about the devastation of an embryo’† (Keiper). The issue here emerges from the conviction that human undeveloped organisms are likely people, and along these lines, the decimation of human incipient organisms ought to be viewed as the pulverization of human life. Adam Keiper, the editorial manager of the New Atlantis, expresses that â€Å"presuming the inestimable good criticalness of human life, was surely the plan of the Dickey-Wicker Amendment, and ought to be the point of any not too bad society† (Keiper). He accepts that the administration ought not support undifferentiated organism research paying little mind to which part of the examination it is subsidizing; such financing of any exploration that includes the procedure of the annihilation of human undeveloped organisms, or possible individuals (as some may see them), boosts only that. In view of that, one’s situation on the undifferentiated cell exploration might be chosen just gauging the potential lives spared by leading the examination with the potential lives spared by not directing the examination. That choice depends vigorously on one’s ethics, strict convictions, and whether human incipient organisms ought to be viewed as potential people creatures. Numerous undeveloped organisms made through in-virto treatment (IVF), a procedure that duplicates origination, are never utilized by the patients of the IVF banks; they are saves and could never become people without the assent of the guardians of the incipient organism, or incipient organisms. To address the subject of â€Å"whether or not human undeveloped organisms ought to be viewed as potential human beings†, one should initially respond to the inquiry: What makes a human? A straightforward response to the inquiry would be â€Å"anything that, under the correct conditions, could turn into a human. † However, the urgent advance in the improvement of a human is the choice of the parent; without parental assent, those extra incipient organisms will never become people. Accordingly, the undeveloped organisms have no future as an individual and ought not be viewed as likely life. The guardians of the unneeded undeveloped organisms have the choice to give the extra incipient organisms to immature microorganism explore or have them disposed of. Laura Bothwell is a doctoral applicant in the history and morals of general wellbeing and medication in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University. She accepts that â€Å"it is an extraordinary blessing to mankind that the undeveloped organisms left over from the helped proliferation cycles can be utilized for research that can possibly ease human suffering† (Bothwell). A huge number of extra incipient organisms in IVF banks have no future as people, making it incautious to not utilize them for undifferentiated cell research. In which case, the contention that the administration is financing the pulverization of potential human life is on a very basic level imperfect. We have to quit agonizing over the lives of the individuals who will never live and start concentrating on the lives of those previously living. In the novel â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley, the world has been changed from what it is today. People are developed in production lines with explicit qualities to fill explicit jobs in the general public. Clearly, this isn't the situation today, and most would concur that is something to be thankful for. In any case, we are gradually starting to see that it might be conceivable. The chance of developing our own people is unnerving to consider. Approaching somewhere down in the psyches of undeveloped cell specialists and researchers and anybody taught about the science is the dread of what it might prompt. Might it be able to lead us to turning out to be human specialists? Might it be able to prompt our humankind sneak away as we meander into a real existence where nobody is extraordinary, where not God but rather we are the makers of individuals? It may not be a usually heard inquiry as most would mark it implausible. Consequently, as I bolster the administration subsidizing foundational microorganism research, I likewise comprehend the requirement for it to be checked. Going into the study of undeveloped cells and still today we don't totally have the foggiest idea what will happen to it in the far off future. â€Å"President [Bush] proclaimed his expectation to name a President’s Council to screen undifferentiated cell research, to suggest fitting rules and guidelines, and to consider clinical and moral consequences of biomedical innovation† (President’s Council on Bioethics). Another purpose behind the legislature to not finance immature microorganism research is that doing so would accelerate the exploration while many, including those of the President’s Council on Bioethics, figure it ought to be observed and confined as to keep it from turning crazy. Undeveloped cell research resembles a fire, a few people need to see it develop and substantiate itself a wellspring of warmth, a few people need to see it decrease until there is not all that much; most need to monitor it and keep it from turning into a furious inferno. Moral quandaries and profound internal approaching feelings of trepidation aside, undifferentiated organism research has a promising potential that can't be overlooked. Specialists accept that foundational microorganisms can be utilized to treat a huge assortment of infections and organ disappointment. They could be utilized to make organ transplants that won't be dismissed by the patient. Foundational microorganisms can spare incalculable lives over the world. They might be utilized in the treatment of neurological ailments, for example, Parkinson’s illness or Alzheimer’s ailment. They might be significant for conveying focused on quality treatment. They can treat liver illnesses and metabolic issue, for example, Gaucher’s malady. Hematopoietic undifferentiated organisms are as of now utilized in rewarding leukemia, a sensible and entrenched and acknowledged technique for treatment. Ruth Kirchstein, a previous acting executive of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), noticed that â€Å"the capacity to utilize foundational microorganisms in malady medicines by straightforward transplantation makes them a practical restorative approach†, and â€Å"with constrained gracefully of organs for transplants, undeveloped cells are progressively seen as an appealing option for rewarding falling flat organs† (Kirchstein). In the event that the main expense of subsidizing foundational microorganism research were the loss of incipient organisms that had no future human life plausibility than the various potential advantages of the exploration should render the cost unimportant. Undifferentiated cell research holds a lot of guarantee yet is denied of the financing important to satisfy this guarantee. Whenever supported, inside years we could be making clinical discoveries and sparing more lives than any time in recent memory. Fortunately, present day science has opened an additional opportunity, one that could stop good and moral questions and shut down a lot of human anguish. As of late researchers have made another revelation, another approach to investigate undifferentiated cells, an approach to reinvent skins cells to act similarly as undeveloped foundational microorganisms; they are called incited pluripotent immature microorganisms. This new technique for securing undifferentiated organisms breaks no moral boundaries while as yet giving us access to the life-sparing capability of immature microorganisms. In November 2007 an examination bunch in Japan and another in Wisconsin effectively made the initiated luripotent foundational microorganisms. At first, the prompted pluripotent undifferentiated organisms had a harmful propensity that slaughtered a portion of the mice in the main testing process. Howe

Retailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction Essays

Retailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction Essays Retailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction Essay Retailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction Essay a zero stock idea, class the board, utilization of Internet and PCs for stock control and provider retailer coordination) were altered during the 1990s. This was driven by worldwide chains and is diffusing into creating locales of Asia through information move and impersonation and advancement by residential grocery store chains. The improvement empowered chain stores to construct their own circulation communities and to suit a high volume of direct shipments from makers under focal stock control. Significantly, stores ought to have the option to gauge day by day deals with an extensive level of exactness , accordingly decreasing wastage levels. Low edges and high rivalry: Multinational chains showed up in Asia with numerous long stretches of understanding and advancement in the serious conditions of their individual nations. Their broad experience included current innovations and skill in regards to flexibly chain the board, obtainment courses of action, stock enhancement, quality gauges control, cold stockpiling upkeep, item dealing with, time span of usability conservation, and customer administrations. Purchasers energetically got the exceptional administrations and quality gave by these new chains. The opposition constrained nearby firms to upgrade their administrations and effectiveness, producing a chain response of improved administrations and modernization all through the staple part. Rivalry among retailers is furious. Asian agri-food appropriation organizations are expecting to lift serious ness, and the expression â€Å"drive costs out of the system† has been utilized broadly in the retail business. General store chains are continually looking for generous reserve funds through productivity gains, economies of scale, and composed cost decreases. Besides, with the quantity of present day exchange stores becoming quicker than all out deals, just like the case in China, the portion of exchange for an individual retailer is quite decrease. Simultaneously, shopper dependability to singular stores is low. Customers in China keep on exchanging between outlets, including the wet markets. Subsequently, all general stores have all the earmarks of being very cost cognizant. Segment, social and social changes:- The level of youngsters in the number of inhabitants in Asia is expanding. A westernization of ways of life is additionally expanding, especially among more youthful individuals. Changes in family structure in Asia are being seen, with a developing number of family units and one-individual family units, instead of more distant families. At long last, there has been an upward pattern in the utilization of charge cards, which are once in a while acknowledged by corner shops or conventional wet markets in creating nations. These components have added to the allure of markets to customers. Expanded travel:- More travel has presented individuals to current retailing procedures in the United States and parts of Europe, to a more extensive scope of items and, especially for new foods grown from the ground, to the chance of having the option to expend many unavailable items. 1. 4 RECOGNITION OF A PROBLEM Food retailers perceive that purchaser fulfillment (CS) assumes a key job in an effective business procedure. What is hazy is the specific idea of that job, how accurately fulfillment ought to be overseen, and whether administrative endeavors planned for expanding fulfillment lead to higher store deals. Today, directors in the food retail division embrace generous endeavors to lead CS reviews. However it creates the impression that much of the time the information are utilized to just screen explicit store qualities, and particularly generally speaking fulfillment, after some time. Except if the effect of buyer fulfillment on store incomes is evaluated, directors have little reason for designation of assets. When all is said in done, the linkages between drivers of customer fulfillment and deals execution have not been immovably settled in the food business. For the estimation of these linkages, late research demonstrates that few issues must be tended to We measure the connections between characteristic recognitions and shopper fulfillment, and between customer fulfillment and deals execution, in the food retail division. The investigation depends upon a broad informational index contained five influxes of purchaser fulfillment and deals data from around 180 customers. We build a speculation in first contrasts that tends to the intrinsic nonlinearities and asymmetries in these connections. We likewise give a case of how firms can utilize the assessed linkages to create fulfillment strategies that are anticipated to build store incomes. Our investigation makes three commitments to the writing, one methodological and two meaningful. To start with, we analyze nonlinearities and asymmetries in the fulfillment deals execution joins dependent on an experimental model communicated in first contrasts. Second, the investigation progresses the estimation of social connections between shopper fulfillment and execution in the food retail division with firm-explicit information. Third, our investigation shows how firms can utilize such outcomes to create proper shopper fulfillment strategies. Numerous retailers experience the ill effects of an assortment of issues and troubles . These can be named : An) Inadequacies in the exchanging condition (e. g. financial and social change, rivalry from different retailers); B) Inadequacies in the retail structure (e. g. working costs, venture capital accessibility, gracefully issues); C) Inadequacies in the board (e. g. the executives aptitude and methods). ther unmistakable issues with Indian Food retailers are:- 1)Retailers are confronting high level of rivalry nowadays as there are a few retail outlet of a similar food item in metropolitan urban areas, so retailers are not just confronting rivalry from other food item outlet however they are confronting a hardened rivalry from his own partner moreover.. 2)Due to expanded education rate and across the board of media, clients are extra mindful about the food items jus t as the fixings and advancement plans given by various retailers. )Numerous clients need to eat those food items which are of remote source however with Indian fixings (According to their traditions and customs). 4)Young age is a major customer of cheap food nowadays. They need to take cheap food from those retail outlets where they can eat those items with their companions and can likewise get the Home conveyance of the equivalent, so to meet these prerequisites of youthful clients, retailers need to put more in their retail outlets. 5)Rapidly changing tastes of clients because of expanded promoting and publicizing . 1. Target OF THE STUDY Objective 1:- To contemplate the connection between store quality discernments and customer fulfillment. Target 2:- To analyze non †linearities and awry effects in the fulfillment †deals execution joins dependent on numerical observational examination . Target 3:- Measurement of social connections between consumer loyalty and execution in food retail division. Target 4:- How firms can utilize such outcomes to create suitable consumer loyalty strategies. Section 2 Literature Review 2. 1Passage to India 2. 2Food Retailing in India 2. Valuable Information with respect to McDonald’s Corporation 2. 4Useful Information in regards to Pizzahut Inc. 2. 5Useful Information in regards to Domino’s Inc. Writing REVIEW Our investigation centers around the relations between property discernments, in general consumer loyalty and store deals execution. Such connections are a piece of a more extensive applied structure proposed by Heskett et al. (1994), in particular the Service-Profit Chain. Anderson and Mittal (2000) reinforced this system by obliging nonlinearities and asymmetries in the connections, and they renamed it the Satisfaction-Profit Chain. From this point forward we utilize the abbreviation CSSP, Customer Satisfaction-Sales Performance, to allude to the connections of intrigue. To catch the connection between trait observations and in general consumer loyalty, we should distinguish how clients decipher and react to the items and administrations they purchase and experience. Here it is fundamental to recognize explicit traits of an item or a help and the fulfillment factor they speak to. In food retailing, for example, shoppers may put high an incentive on a factor that may be called â€Å"customer service† gave by the market. This is a case of a theoretical or emotional advantage. This theoretical advantage relies upon a lot of related quantifiable characteristics, for example, the attitude of the clerks and deals partners, speed and precision of checkout, and accessibility of ordinary staple things and store neatness, among others. Notwithstanding client assistance, other pertinent elements influencing generally speaking consumer loyalty in supermarkets incorporate the store mood, the apparent roduct nature of (developing) perishables departmentsnow 50 percent or a greater amount of store deals in some storessuch as new produce, shop/bread kitchen, fish, new meat and botanical, just as the apparent estimation of items comparative with their cost. These connections have been the subject of extraordinary investigation by showcasing scientists. Since the fundamental conduct arranged research by Oliver (1981), a few articles have concentrated on the forerunners of consumer loyalty in a wide assortment of set tings, extending from firm-explicit investigations to across the nation appraisals. Despite the fact that fulfillment factors fluctuate as indicated by the sort of items, administrations and business segments considered, experimental investigations give tremendous proof of their effect on by and large fulfillment (e. g. S

Core Competencies

Core Competencies Importance of core competences We are going to explain the concept of core competency in this article and how to generate a competitive advantage  for a company. This article will also tell you what contemporary views on core competencies do exist. We will provide a summary of a few cases and studies to describe the complexities of the concept.The term core competency was coined by Dr.C.K Prahalad and Prof. Gray Hamel in 1989. They took examples of various Japanese firms and compared them with their American counterpart. Competence based strategy is the part of an overall strategy that is concerned with integrating technology, know-how (including patents), value and culture in order to create a set of competencies that unfolds superior value for customers and thereby support the product-market strategy of the firmWe should think of the organization as a small sapling which after nourishment develops into a strong tree with core competences as its trunk. This core competency trunk helps in growing branches of diffe rent businesses and then these businesses grow products as fruit. The following graphic pictures this very well. © Shutterstock.com | Creativa ImagesSadly, a lot of companies around the world are not too well versed with the concept of core competencies or fail to recognize actual competencies which may help them with long term.Importance of core competencesCore competencies are the collective learning of the organization, especially how to co-ordinate the diverse production skill and integrate multiple stream of technologies. A company, if it has identified its core competencies, will be capable of creating more value. Core competences must coalesce around individuals working in the organization. These people should recognize their effort in building and strengthening these core competencies. © Entrepreneurial InsightsUnlike physical assets, which do deteriorate over time, competences are enhanced as applied and share across the organization. The competences act as the glue which bind businesses together as well as pave the way for new business development. In other words core competences of a business are also guiding parameters for new markets and diversification.Strategic intentThe process of developing core competencies starts with the strategic intent of being a leader in the market by leveraging the resources. This thought of being a leader in the market is called strategic intent. This concept points out to identifying various opportunity gaps. It is an obsession with writing a competitive agenda, for a long period of time, which is shared with the whole organization.Strategic intent provides a basis for stretching the goals of the organization with barrier breaking initiatives.Framework for leverage (strategic architecture)The next stage towards developing the co re competencies is to leverage the current resources of the organization. This stage is known a developing the strategic architecture. Strategic architecture is a roadmap which predicts what core competencies to build and which related technologies are needed. This step requires the distillation of past and present data to answer the following questions:Change in customer interferenceNew technological possibilitiesCompetitor’s positioningCurrent and future set up of the industryThis exercise allows managers to maintain consistency in their efforts and provides logic for managing linkages across business units. It is helpful in more than one way. Apart from being a useful tool for managing innovation, it also helps in identifying alliances and acquisitions of strategic importance. Internally, this helps the lower management to allocate resources and upper management to keep focus. Leveraging resources and thereafter the development of core competencies requires investment in three different things:a) Technologyb) Governance processc) Collective learningCompanies should invest in all three of them. If not, then you will hamper the development of core competencies. Thus, a company should invest in good governance and learning environment and not just technology.Identifying core competenciesCore competencies play an important role in the process of leverage.   We can identify them using three simple tests:Does the trait provide a major competitive differentiation? Does it provide a unique value proposition to the organization?Does the trait cover a lot of business or is useful only for a single business unit? Is it useful only for current business or for new ones too?Is it hard for competitors to imitate?Core competencies extend to the whole organization, and are part of tactical learning at the same time. We should not confuse a core competence with a core technology. A technology / technical capabilities is complete in itself while a core competence is embedde d inside the organization. Without one another it can’t exist. We should also differentiate between core competencies and core capabilities before moving forward. Core capabilities are crucial for survival but, unlike a core competency, does not confer any specific differential advantage over other competitors in the industry.Importance of core competenciesThe most important advantage of having core competencies is having a long term competitive advantage. These competencies help in bridging the gap between performance and opportunity, thus helping a company in being a potential leader in the industry. By linking traditional business to products and service of the future, the company acquires greater opportunity for success. This also helps in activation of the company by acting as a guideline for diversification.Core competencies are also an indicator that resources are being used in the right places in the right amount. An organization should focus on outsourcing all non-core ac tivities which will streamline the operations to encourage learning environment congruent to their competencies.Core competencies also help in the development of core products. They should have access to all the primary component of a complex product which can help in long term foothold in that particular industry. This complex product can then be used to create a pipeline of products.Core competencies are meaningful if they are related to an attribute valued by the market. Customers need to perceive a consistent difference in important attributes between the producer’s products or services and those of its competitors. Intel particularly uses this. Their core competence lies in developing an array of microprocessors in very short time. With the proved attribute of speed and quality against other competitors, this core competency provides a distinctive competitive advantage.Last but not least, core competencies make a company focus on extensive RD.Losing core competenciesCompanies , especially big ones, have to be really careful when outsourcing a product or service to a different organization while looking to cut cost. In the past, Chrysler has viewed engines in cars as just another component which was outsourced to various Japanese companies. Outsourcing is thus a two bladed sword if not handled properly. While outsourcing can give a short term competitive advantage, it typically contributes very little to developing people skills which help in building core competency.Sometimes lack of forecasting the state of the market and lack of a clear framework can make companies forsake attractive opportunities. It often arises from a lack of clear insight in the core product and the core competencies of a business. It is super important to recognize the importance of core competencies in entering an emerging market.Case studiesMultiple examples from around the world can be cited in support of the concept of core competencies:NEC asserts that they use 18% of their e arnings for RD. NEC of Japan investigates its core competencies every 5 years. With a spending of 18% in RD they have a boastful array of 36 core techniques in total.Apple as an organization developed products which are rich in design and user experience. This gave them a distinguished brand image in the market, which stands even now in the face of multiple competitors. Apple products are sold with high margins.3M as a company is a perfect example of commitment to developing core competencies. It has a range of diversified products which include post-it notes, magnetic tapes, photographic film, pressure sensitive tapes and coated abrasives. These all have quite different production technologies, end-consumers, and channel of distribution. All this is connected with a few competencies in substrates, coatings, and adhesives and a culture which was developed internally during its years of operations.Canon cornered the copier market in 1990s by investing a lot in core competencies. Befo re PC copiers became available in 1982, copying was done on a departmental basis within companies and through commercial copy centers. Copy centers served a range of copying needs, from small copying jobs to large, high speed/high volume projects involving document preparation. Satisfaction of copying needs depend on a copier’s price, quality, performance, features, maintenance, and after-sales support. Those factors became the basis for defining various market segments. The most profitable segment was of course the large volume one in which Xerox was the market leader. Thus a gap existed between the companies’ performance and the opportunity in terms of small volume copier market.   In other words companies around the world were placing a high value on getting a small, relatively inexpensive personal copier and thus an easy-to-use, durable, low priced, and maintenance-free small copier awaited innovation. Canon approached the problem by assembling a task force of 200 people and developed a series of core products; disposable cartridges, instant toner fusers, and other components to decrease the size as well as the cost. Thus, an entirely new product was born which was reliable and required less servicing. This product was developed and launched in less than 3 years, which really put Canon towards becoming a competent player in printer technology.A hospital in Singapore, Mount Elizabeth Hospital, is well known for organ transplantations. That is the core competency of this hospital. This hospital may as well have doctors and nurses from various countries to create a multi-ethnic workforce for better communication with a better patient management. That would be their core competencyArguments and examples against core competency?Prahalad’s paper in 1990 was in many ways ground breaking. This concept changed the paradigm of strategic consulting. The whole western management shifted from the rigid strategic guideline of Michael Porter to a more fluid strateg ic intent. However two decades after the introduction of this concept we are shifting again. The market now is much more dynamic in the presence of rapidly changing markets and user needs. China’s low cost manufacturing and research capabilities can wreak on any manufacturing organizations worldwide.Changing consumer needs are making companies take help of smaller and design companies even for their core products. For example, Apple bought SIRI and Nike taking help of Apple in creating a digital experience for its customers. Netflix, though their core competency is said to be content delivery, but they are now venturing into original content creation too.In my opinion, these examples can’t be taken as argument against core competencies keeping in mind the short term time horizon they are being applied to.End notesCore competency is a fairly hard concept to grasp. The resources and patience required for the development of even a single competency is huge. A strategic mindset and focus on achieving a long term global leadership is important to develop a strategic intent.We think our readers should kind in mind one thing. Core competencies are needed to develop a global leadership and long term competitive advantages. A company may be highly profitable even without developing a core competency, but only for a short period of time.

The Monster School Testing Essay - 1134 Words

The Monster: School Testing Everyone has their fears, some don’t like heights, the dark, and some just being in a crowd or making a speech. One thing, however, many students dread is testing. Testing after every chapter is normal and many students can get through that if they understand the subject and it is taught well. There is one test, however, that to many, especially the younger children, see as a monster. This monster is standardized testing, a monster which needs to be put down. Anyone who has taken standardized tests notices a pattern. There are questions, on the standardized tests, that are straightforward for the grade level of test that everyone would know, there are questions below that grade level, and there are questions†¦show more content†¦George W. Bush in 2001 wrote an education-reform bill known as the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act†. This education-reform bill was signed into law on January 8th in 2002. This law ideally was beneficial in some aspects for the United St ates as a whole. The purpose of this law was to dramatically increase the role of the federal government to guarantee quality public education for every student in the United States. The most beneficial aspects of this law were that it would increase funding for poor school districts as well as give higher achievements for poor and minority students. However, this law also made schools much more accountable for student progress and expanded standardized testing in the American Educational system to include grades 3 through 8 in testing in reading and math. Now when you think of cheating you think of texting on phones, looking over shoulders, notes on arms or hidden papers on sleeves. But due to the No Child Left Behind Act, schools are held much more accountable for the students’ results on the tests. In the end the principal’s job is dependent on how well the teachers teach their students and prepares them for the standardized tests. And in turn, the teacher’s job is entirely dependent on how well the student does. In some cases this pressure causes teachers to cheat, not through texting or passing notes, but in giving students the answers to the standardized tests. â€Å"UsingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Gojira 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesway since its 1954 debut, spawning dozens of increasingly silly sequels and growing into one of the most recognizable franchises to date. However these ridiculous sequels have created a tendency to overlook Ishiro Honda’s â€Å"Gojira† as just another monster movie, but Gojira is much more than that. From a technical perspective, Gojira is a collaborative effort from some of Japans most renowned film makers, most notably film director Ishiro Honda and special effects expert Eiji Tsuburaya. 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IshirÃ…  Honda develops this theme with a narrator’s dramatic tone and heinous mood. Godzilla existed as a remnant of the cretaceous era, a theropod known as a Godzillasaurus. An infamous kaiju who rises from the Pacific and levels buildings (sometimes battling other gigantic mammoths), he gets awoken from a 65 million year-long aquatic hibernation by hydrogen bomb testing in the bikiniRead MorePostmodernism And Adolescence : The Outsiders1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfor decades, testing the water to see if this genre could host its disruptive behaviors and outlandish ideas. S.E. Hinton’s 1967 novel, The Outsiders, plays with tenets of Postmodern fiction but does not fully submerse itself in the chaos of the theory. Hinton’s book toes the line between a traditional linear text and that of a full-on Postmodern novel, such as W.D. Myers’s turn of the century publication Monster. Evidenced by scholarly studies of the novel’s tropes and themes, Monster embodies YAL’s

Palm Inc Analysis Essays - 1589 Words

Palm, Inc. Minicase Introduction Palm Inc. is a division of 3Com. Because of stock price volatility, the CFO is looking into better understanding how Palm is valued in the market. Managers/CFOs often use heuristics for valuation purposes as opposed to traditional methods such as the DCF. Metrics such as the ones used by Palms CFO, the P/E and price-to-sales, are often easier to use and require less research and fewer variables. However, relying on such metrics can lead to the affect heuristic. DCF is the methodology that should be used to ensure the fundamental value is accurate. The application of heuristics in valuation is often subject to bias. The bias can stem from incorrect assumptions made in regards to inputs for†¦show more content†¦Managers rely on unpolished heuristics to measure fundamental value, because they are considered simpler and more intuitive than the DCF approach. Some of the biases that can cause valuations to be affected are misframing, growth opportunities, the 1/n He uristic and excessive optimism. These biases stem from poor assumptions, leading to biased inputs. Furthermore, it is believed financial executives and analysts who make biased forecast of future earnings and P/E ratios will typically end up with biased valuations. Managers rely on unpolished heuristics to measure fundamental value, because they are considered simpler and more intuitive than the DCF approach. Heuristics and Biases Applied to Palm, Inc. Palm Inc. relied on valuation heuristics rather than discounted cash flow methods. Its valuation was based on two heuristics methods The P/E, and the PEG ratios. Since information on the sales of Palm are not provided no conclusions can be drawn from a price-to-sales heuristic, although it was a consideration for the CFO. DCF Analysis There are several things that can be determined from the information obtained through our review. The first is in relation to the P/E ratio. The market price is $21.69, with an EPS of $.0.51. This leads to a P/E Ratio of 42.51. This is significantly higher than the P/E ratio of 5.76 based off the fundamental value. Since the share price of $2.94 is significantly lower, the P/E ratio is alsoShow MoreRelatedPda Connector Case3428 Words   |  14 PagesConglomerate Inc – New PDA 1 Introduction Conglomerate Inc., a major U.S. wireless carrier, has teamed up with a PC manufacturer to form a joint venture, Netlink, to develop, produce and market a hybrid product integrating a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with a â€Å"smart† cellular phone. Its first product is tentatively called ConneCtor. ConneCtor directly transmits and receives both data and voice. It is lightweight but heavier than a cell phone whose shape it emulates. 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The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory. Free Essays

Students tend to overload themselves by overnight study to memorize all the study material. However, most of them do not realize that we will have a better result by an adequate sleep than having a three hour sleep before an exam to memorize all the material. This restless lifestyle will significantly reduce health level and in fact reduces our memory consolidation and opportunity to use our unconscious mind to improve the skill that we learn. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory. or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory was first introduced by Muller and Pilzecker about 100 years ago. They made a hypothesis that memory consolidation is time dependent and require regulating from our brain cell which leads to further development in memory consolidation theory nowadays. (McGaugn, 2000. ) According to â€Å"Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. † written by Professor Mowzoon, sleep is divided into 2 main types, which is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). NREM sleep occur seventy five percent of our sleep and REM sleep only occur for twenty five percent of our sleep. NREM sleep can divide into 4 stages. Stage 1 happens when we are between being awake and asleep. Stage 2 occurs at the beginning of sleep; brain will produce periodic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles that can relax our body muscle and heart rate. Stage 3 and 4 take place in deep sleep. In these stages, our body tissue cultivates and repairs. Lastly, stage 5 of the sleep is involved in REM sleep where most dreaming occurs. In REM sleep, brain and other parts of our body becomes more active but muscles remain in a lessen state. (Mowzoon, 2007) A journal article â€Å"Sleep dependent memory consolidation† from Nature precisely categorizes sleep stages and memory. There are several type of memories but commonly they are divided into declarative memories which we can recall in our mind and non-declarative memory where normally used without conscious. The term memory consolidation is referring to memory stabilization, where memories become more resistible to interference. Several studies show that certain memories are consolidation through REM sleep as complex cognitive procedural learning take place. Procedural memory and spatial memory are greatly improved in REM sleep, where both these memories help to recording information and how to get things done. Motor skills like dancing, would advance while we are in REM sleep. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging has demonstrated that the night after training, region that is active during task performance is reactivated during REM sleep. Besides, even event related potentials shows that high temporal resolution of brain processing in the period of REM sleep. (Stickgold, 2005)The result shows that REM sleep and memory consolidation are highly positive correlated, as a REM-rich periods person will be 3 times more likely to improve in certain skill than a sleep deprivation person. Endogenously, Nature NeuroScience did an electrophysiological reading between hippocampus and neocortex respond to episodic and semantic memories. Episodic memory is memories that involve emotion, while semantic memory refers to factual information and knowledge. Both of these memories are categorized in declaration memory. In the experiment, a group of people were given some task and simulating the learning multiple times. After that, subjects are given 2 detail fMRI scan that one is scheduled directly after the learning session and another scan 48hours later. The result shows that there is an increase in functional connectivity over time between hippocampus and medical prefrontal cortex in the first scan is lower than second scan. Subject remember more detailed and perform better after a good night sleep. Therefore learning is highly influence by the successively of reactivation between hippocampal and prefrontal network during our sleeping cycle. (Peyrache, 2009) In addition, the journal of Science written by Maquet, show that sleep has been occupied that plastic cerebral change due to fresh memory and learning. The recurrence of neuronal bonds during sleep is proven by a few experiments. The neural activity is further shown in walking behavior seems to be reestablished during sleep. The reactivation will increase the intercellular connection strength between the element of network and incorporation of the new experience into long term memory. (Maquet, 2001) Both of this experiment proven that REM sleep has great effect to memory consolidation and learning. Exogenously, sleep is also illustrated to be obliging in memory consolidation and learning. Practice is not the only way to attainment all skill, performance could be improve between learning period and not within it. Explicit skill where we learn it intentionally is sleep-dependent. From an experiment from journal of Current Biology, offline skill improvement can only observed within 12 hours including sleep. The result show that implicit skill might improve due to time but explicit skill is positive correlated to sleep. When we are fully conscious of learning a new thing, the improvement of skill without practice is totally reliant on sleep. Robertson, 2004) Moreover, BBC news reported that in United Kingdom, a group of adult was given a task and for the group who were sent to sleep did better than those who carried on without sleep. Dr Matthew Walker mentions that â€Å"Sleep not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness, but at neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap†. This supplementary enhances the theory that, sleep will improve memory consolidation and learning. (BBC, 2010) As a college student, I fully understand that weighty academic course loads leads to sleep deprivation, but a good sleeping cycle will helps to boost up our academic result. Even though sleep helps to improve our academic, we still have to put in the same effort in our daily life to maintain and improve our result. References: Mowzoon, N. , M. D. , Flemming, K. , D. (2007). Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272-1278. Peyrache, A. , Khamassi, M. , Benchenane, K. , Wiener, S. , I. , Battaglia, F. , P. (2009). â€Å"Reply of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep. † Nature NeuroScience, 12(7), 919-926. Doi:10. 1038/nn. 2337 Maquet, P. (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294(5544), 1048-1052. DOI:  10. 1126/science. 1062856 McGaugh, J. , L. (2000). Memory – A century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251. DOI:10. 1126/science. 287. 5451. 248 â€Å"Nap ‘boosts’ brain learning power. BBC News 21 February 2010. Retrieved from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/8524549. stm. Robertson, E. M. ; Pascual-Leone, A. ; Press, D. Z. (2004). â€Å"A wareness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep†. Current Biology. 14(3): 208–212. DOI:10. 1016/j. cub. 2004. 01. 027 Wamsley, E. , J. , Tucker, M. , Payne, J. D. , Benavides, J. , A. , amp; Stickgold, R. (2010). Dreaming of a learning task I associated with enhanced sleep dependent memory consolidation. Current Biology, 20(9), 850-855. DOI: 10. 1016/j. cub. 2010. 03. 027 How to cite The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory., Essays

Sarah Hannah Poetry Essays - Australian Films, Ned, Hero

Sarah Hannah Poetry The concept of a hero and the characteristics that one person feels are embodied by a hero are explored in the short story "Ride, Fly, Penetrate, Loiter" by Barry Hannah. Everyone wants to be a hero, but in reality few are. There are many people who consciously and unconsciously undermine their attempts to become a hero. Ned Maximus, the protagonist in Hannah's story is just such a person. Ned states that he "wants some hero for a buddy" (page 36). Hannah has definite ideas of the way a hero should act and communicates these through Ned. Ned, on the other hand, seems to act in a manner contrary to these ideas. Ned believes that a hero should never lie, but should always be truthful. In being an honest person a true hero should be appalled by fakes and frauds. Ned, a drunk would like to believe that he is truthful but reveals himself as a liar when he states "I have been sober ever since. I have just told a lie" (page 42). He is indeed a liar; therefore, according to his own definition he is not a hero. In his dissertation on the qualities of a hero, Ned mentions that a true hero could possibly be a writer and he, Ned is a writer. In "Ride, Fly, Penetrate, Loiter" Ned is stabbed in the eye by an acquaintance, Billy Six Fingers. Since this incident Ned insists that he can "see things more clearly through his one good eye" (page 37). From this clarity Ned states that "I will write some times and my bones will hurt" (Page 38). Ned insists that he now writes with a passion that he never had before he was able to see things more clearly. He asserts that he writes from inspiration, from what he observes and comprehends in his world. This inspiration has occurred because of the clarity with which he now views things. Another heroic quality is the ability to love and to place someone else's needs and desires above one's own. The author notes this when Ned states that "I drank and smiled and tried to love, wanting some hero for a buddy, somebody who would attack the heart of the night with me" (Page 36). Ned feels that he is capable of the love that a hero should possess but in actuality he does not possess this ability to love or place someone else's desires above his own. Through Ned, Hannah asserts that the love of a hero should be pure and from the heart. Ned does not possess this trait and probably never will. According to both the author and Ned, a hero is sober and virtuous. Ned certainly is not sober, he is drunk throughout most of the story and demonstrates his need of alcohol repeatedly. An example of this is seen at the hospital, "I remember wanting a drink terribly in the emergency room. I had the shakes." (Page 37). Ned's need for a drink and experiencing of the shakes demonstrates his dependence on alcohol and his inability to remain sober. Webster's definition of person who is virtuous is one that is chaste and upright. Ned is neither chaste nor upright; he talks about people being bad when he himself is not. He fires a gun into the night after being stabbed in the eye. This is not something that a hero would do. According to Hannah, a hero possesses the qualities of honesty, sobriety, ability to love, virtuousness, and is possibly being a writer. Ned Maximus fails to incorporate these qualities into his own character, even though he wishes that he could have these qualities and be a true hero. Ned would have to make major changes in his attitudes towards people and his treatment of them. Since this is unlikely to happen, Ned Maximus will never be a shining example of a hero as described by Barry Hannah. Bibliography 1.) Hannah, Barry. "Ride, Fly, Penetrate, Loiter." Captain Maximus. New York: Penguin Books, 1985. 2.) The New American Webster Handy College Dictionary. New York: Penguin Books, 1995.